NHẬN XÉT MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM GÓC VÀ TRỤC CHI DƯỚI Ở BỆNH NHÂN THOÁI HÓA KHỚP GỐI CÓ CHỈ ĐỊNH PHẪU THUẬT THAY KHỚP GỐI TOÀN PHẦN

Abstract

Objective: To describe selected characteristics of lower limb alignment and knee angles in patients with knee osteoarthritis indicated for total knee arthroplasty. Material and methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 219 patients with stage III-IV knee osteoarthritis who were indicated for total knee arthroplasty. All patients underwent full-length standing radiographs of the lower limb to evaluate lower limb mechanical alignment and anatomical alignment, including the mechanical axis of the lower limb, the anatomical axis of the lower limb, the angle between the mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur, the lateral distal femoral angle, the medial proximal tibial angle, and the posterior tibial slope. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Varus deformity of the lower limb mechanical axis was the most common pattern, accounting for 79%, while neutral alignment accounted for 16.9% and valgus deformity for 4.1%. The mean mechanical axis of the lower limb was 178.86° ± 1.15°, and the mean anatomical axis was 175.13° ± 1.53°. The mean angle between the mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur was 5.0° ± 0.7°. The mean lateral distal femoral angle was 83.45° ± 1.29°, the mean medial proximal tibial angle was 94.1° ± 0.12°, and the mean posterior tibial slope was 5.2° ± 1.57°. Conclusion: Patients with knee osteoarthritis indicated for total knee arthroplasty present significant alterations in lower limb alignment and knee angles, with varus deformity predominating. Radiographic assessment of these parameters plays an important role in preoperative planning and orientation of surgical strategies.