HIGH-RISK DRUG CLASSES FOR ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF DRUG ALLERGY IN VIETNAM
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Abstract
Objective: To identify high-risk drug classes for allergic reactions and describe the clinical characteristics of drug allergies in Vietnam.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 80 patients with drug allergies at Ho Chi Minh City Dermatology Hospital from August 2015 to July 2016. Data collected included suspected drug classes, clinical manifestations, severity, mucosal involvement, history of drug allergy, reasons for drug use, and route of administration.
Results: Antibiotics were the most common cause of drug allergy (72.5%), followed by antipyretic and analgesic drugs (21.25%). Among antibiotics, β-lactams and quinolones accounted for the highest proportions. The most common clinical manifestations were erythema multiforme (26.25%) and urticaria (22.5%). Severe reactions (SJS/TEN) accounted for 26.25%, all associated with oral medications and mucosal involvement. A history of drug allergy was present in 62.5% of patients. Most patients (75%) self-medicated without a prescription.
Conclusion: Antibiotics and antipyretic-analgesic drugs are the two drug classes with the highest risk of allergic reactions in Vietnam, with a notable proportion of severe cases. Strengthening pharmacovigilance, controlling prescriptions, and educating the public are necessary to prevent serious drug-induced allergic reactions.
Keywords
Drug allergy, antibiotics, SJS, TEN, drug-induced skin reactions, non-prescription drugs
Article Details
References
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