ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA GIÁC MẠC CHÓP CÓ CHỈ ĐỊNH ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠO LIÊN KẾT CHÉO (CROSS-LINKING)

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and corneal parameters measured by Pentacam in keratoconus cases indicated for corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 17 eyes with keratoconus from 10 patients indicated for CXL at Hanoi Eye Hospital 2 from August 2024 to August 2025. Clinical features, visual acuity, refractive status, and corneal parameters obtained from Pentacam were collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0.

Results: The mean age was 20.8 ± 5.55 years, with the majority of cases in the 19–30 age group (70.0%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. A total of 64.7% of eyes showed no typical clinical signs. Among eyes with clinical manifestations, the common findings were Fleischer ring (35.3%) and Vogt’s striae (29.4%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.51 ± 0.43 LogMAR. A high degree of astigmatism was observed, with a mean astigmatism of -5.38 ± 4.10 D, and 76.5% of eyes having astigmatism ≥ 3 D. Tomographic parameters measured by Pentacam demonstrated marked corneal abnormalities, with a mean Kmax of 57.31 ± 9.17 D. The thinnest corneal thickness was 465.12 ± 42.98 µm. The BAD-D (Belin/Ambrosio deviation) index, which integrates anterior and posterior elevation as well as corneal thickness distribution, had a mean value of 9.43 ± 4.58, exceeding the normal threshold.

Conclusion: Keratoconus cases indicated for corneal cross-linking are predominantly observed in young individuals and often lack obvious clinical signs on examination. Diagnosis, assessment of disease progression, and evaluation of treatment outcomes should be based on a combination of multiple parameters, particularly corneal tomography indices obtained from Pentacam.