ĐẶC ĐIỂM GÁNH NẶNG TIM MẠCH CHUYỂN HÓA VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG CỦA NHỒI MÁU NÃO NGƯỜI TRẺ THEO NHÓM TUỔI

Abstract

Background: The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults is increasing due to the accumulation of cardiometabolic disorders, particularly in the middle-aged subgroup. Evaluating the cumulative burden of these factors helps to accurately guide disease prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate the age-related differentiation of risk factor (RF) burden and its association with the severity of neurological deficits (NIHSS score).

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 young patients with ischemic stroke (aged 18–45 years), divided into two groups: 18–35 and 36–45 years old. The cardiometabolic RF burden (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking) was categorized into three levels: low (0-1), moderate (2), and high (≥ 3). Results: There was a significant differentiation in RF burden between the two age groups (p=0.019). The 18–35 age group predominantly carried a low burden (75%), whereas 57.9% of the 36–45 age group presented with a moderate to high burden. No linear correlation was found between the number of RFs and the NIHSS score (p=0.918). However, the high-risk group exhibited extreme data dispersion in NIHSS scores (median: 3.5; IQR: 2–16), suggesting the parallel existence of lacunar infarcts and large artery atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Cardiometabolic burden accumulates massively after the age of 35. The absence of a linear correlation with the NIHSS score indicates that a multi-risk burden may simultaneously promote both small vessel disease and large artery atherosclerosis.