KHẢO SÁT MỘT SỐ BIẾN CHỨNG TẠI MẮT TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYP 2 TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA NAM ĐỊNH

Abstract

Objectives:1. To determine the prevalence of certain ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2. To analyze the association between diabetic retinopathy and selected risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2024 to September 2024 at Nam Dinh General Hospital on 96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (192 eyes). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were performed, including visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure measurement, and fundus photography. Diabetic retinopathy was classified according to the ICO 2017 guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Male patients accounted for 39.4% and female patients for 60.4% of the study population. The mean age was 70.42 ± 8.90 years, ranging from 44 to 86 years. Eyes without cataract accounted for 8.3%; eyes with cataract indicated for surgery comprised 70.3%; and eyes that had undergone cataract surgery accounted for 21.4%. The prevalence of diabetic retinal lesions was 52.1%. The distribution of diabetic retinopathy stages was as follows: R0: 50%; R1: 25.5%; R2: 15.6%; R3: 7.8%; R4: 1%. Eyes without macular involvement accounted for 79.7%, while 39 eyes (20.3%) had macular lesions, including 16 eyes (8.2%) with diabetic macular edema. Duration of diabetes showed a moderate positive correlation with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (r = 0.414, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Age was weakly negatively correlated with diabetic retinopathy status (r = –0.217), with statistical significance (p = 0.003 < 0.05). Blood glucose levels demonstrated a weak positive correlation with diabetic retinopathy status (r = 0.228). Treatment effectiveness showed a moderate negative correlation with diabetic retinopathy status (r = –0.402, p = 0.000 < 0.05).

Conclusion: Ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remain common, particularly diabetic retinopathy. Disease duration and glycemic control are significant associated factors.