MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ, LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ LOẠN SẢN PHẾ QUẢN PHỔI TẠI TRUNG TÂM HÔ HẤP BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in preterm infants, resulting from the combination of immature lung development and postnatal lung injuries such as mechanical ventilation, prolonged oxygen therapy, and inflammation. At the Respiratory Center of the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, a national tertiary referral center for the management of complex pediatric respiratory diseases, BPD remains a considerable healthcare burden. High rates of hospitalization and rehospitalization, severe respiratory conditions requiring intensive respiratory support, and the need for comprehensive long-term care in premature infants continue to pose major challenges for pediatric pulmonologists. This study aimed to “Describe several epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment outcomes, of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the Respiratory Center of Vietnam National Children’s Hospital in 2025.”

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 117 patients diagnosed with BPD and treated at the Respiratory Center in 2025.

Results: Among the 117 patients, males accounted for 61.54%. Regarding neonatal history, the mean gestational age was 28.56 ± 2.5 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1068.59 ± 358.11 grams. The mean duration of postnatal mechanical ventilation was 27.62 days, while the mean duration of oxygen therapy was 39.69 days. Mild BPD accounted for 37.61% of cases, moderate BPD for 52.14%, and severe BPD for 10.26%. The hospitalization rate associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was 47.1%. The median length of hospital stay was 32 days (IQR: 18–56), ranging from 7 to 120 days. The median duration of oxygen therapy was 25 days (IQR: 15–42), ranging from 5 to 90 days. The rate of non-invasive ventilation use was 32,5%, with a median ventilation duration of 10 days (IQR: 5–18), ranging from 1 to 45 days. The proportion of patients requiring transfer to the intensive care unit for invasive mechanical ventilation was 23,1%. Pulmonary hypertension was identified in 67.52% of cases. Treatment outcomes showed clinical stabilization and improvement in the majority of patients, while the mortality rate was 0.87%.