NHẬN XÉT ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN GÃY LỒI CẦU XƯƠNG HÀM DƯỚI TẠI HAI BỆNH VIỆN Ở HÀ NỘI

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and radiographic characteristics of mandibular condylar fractures at two hospitals in Hanoi.

Subjects and Methods: This prospective case series included 42 patients diagnosed with mandibular condylar fractures who were treated at the Department of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hanoi Central Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, between June 2025 and July 2026.

Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. The most affected age group was 18–39 years (73.8%). Traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury (85.7%), and the chin was the site of impact in 90.5% of cases. The characteristic clinical findings included malocclusion (81%), limited mouth opening, marked tenderness over the preauricular region on palpation, pain during mouth opening and restricted condylar movement (100%), and preauricular swelling (70%). According to the number of fractured condyles, unilateral fractures accounted for 81% of cases and bilateral fractures for 19%. Based on fracture location, condylar head fractures, condylar neck fractures, and subcondylar fractures accounted for 52%, 34%, and 14% of cases, respectively. The most common associated injury was a mandibular condylar fracture combined with a symphyseal fracture (35.7%).

Conclusion: Mandibular condylar fractures occurred predominantly in males, with the highest incidence in the 18–39-year age group. The presence of chin injuries should raise suspicion of an associated condylar fracture. The characteristic clinical features included malocclusion, limited mouth opening, preauricular swelling and tenderness, pain during mouth opening, and restricted condylar movement.