THỰC TRẠNG ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở THAI PHỤ ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KỸ THUẬT Y TẾ HẢI DƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the current status of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and analyze some related factors in pregnant women visiting Hai Duong Medical Technical University Hospital.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 99 pregnant women with 24-28 weeks of gestation who visited Hai Duong Medical Technical University Hospital from May 2025 to April 2026. All subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2024) criteria⁶.

Results: The prevalence of GDM was 28.3%. Mean fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour plasma glucose values ​​were 4.73 ± 0.85 mmol/L, 8.51 ± 1.54 mmol/L, and 7.05 ± 1.36 mmol/L, respectively. Of those with GDM, 92.9% were treated with dietary changes combined with lifestyle modifications, and 7.1% required insulin therapy. Statistically significant factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) included maternal age ≥35 years (OR = 2.9; p = 0.028), history of giving birth to a child ≥4000g (OR = 8.5; p<0.001), history of impaired glucose tolerance (OR = 14.7; p<0.001), and family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 22.3; p<0.001). No statistically significant association was found between educational level, number of births, history of miscarriage/abortion/stillbirth, or weight gain during pregnancy with GDM (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM among pregnant women examined at Hai Duong Medical Technical University Hospital is relatively high (28.3%). Maternal age of 35 years or older, a history of large babies, a history of impaired glucose tolerance, and a family history of diabetes are risk factors strongly associated with gestational diabetes. Screening with oral glucose tolerance tests as recommended and close management of pregnant women with these risk factors are crucial for early detection, timely treatment, and reduction of complications for both mother and fetus.