ĐẶC ĐIỂM SIÊU ÂM CỦA XOẮN TINH HOÀN ẨN: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG

Abstract

Background: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires early diagnosis to preserve reproductive function. Torsion occurring in undescended testes (cryptorchidism) often presents with atypical clinical manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Ultrasound is currently the primary imaging modality for supporting diagnosis and evaluating testicular perfusion.

Objectives: To describe the ultrasound features of torsion in an undescended testis through a case report of a 4-month-old infant, and to review the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of this condition.

Methods: A case report combined with a literature review was conducted. Data were collected from medical records, ultrasound imaging, and surgical findings. A literature search was performed using international medical databases.

Results: A 4-month-old male infant was admitted with irritability and a palpable inguinal mass. Ultrasound revealed a testis located in the inguinal canal with heterogeneous hypoechogenicity and absent vascular flow on Doppler imaging. Surgical exploration confirmed multiple twists of the spermatic cord; partial reperfusion was observed after 15 minutes of warm compress application. Literature review indicates that typical ultrasound findings include decreased echogenicity of the testis, absent blood flow, and the “whirlpool sign” of the spermatic cord.

Future perspectives: Improving clinical awareness and optimizing Doppler ultrasound protocols may enhance early diagnosis of torsion in undescended testes. Future studies should focus on standardizing ultrasound criteria and evaluating the value of advanced imaging techniques in infants.

Conclusion: Torsion of an undescended testis is a rare but serious condition, particularly in infants with atypical presentations. Doppler ultrasound plays a key role in early diagnosis, guiding timely management and improving prognosis.