TÌNH HÌNH BỆNH NHÂN ĐỘNG KINH ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TÂM ANH TỪ THÁNG 1/2020 ĐẾN THÁNG 4/2026

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy remains one of the most challenging conditions in neurology, with a substantial proportion of patients failing to achieve adequate seizure control despite treatment with multiple antiseizure medication. Analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in real-world practice may provide valuable evidence to support patient management strategies at Tam Anh General Hospital.

Objectives: Describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with epilepsy, as well as to analyze factors associated with seizure control at Tam Anh General Hospital during the period from 2020 to 2026.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 3053 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and treated at Tam Anh General Hospital between January 2020 and April 2026. Collected variables included age, age-group distribution, seizure classification, disease duration, number of antiseizure medications used, and treatment outcomes. Associations between clinical factors and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Among the 3053 patients included in the study, individuals aged ≤ 18 years accounted for 39,1%, while those aged 19 – 40 years accounted for 42,1%. Regarding seizure classification, generalized epilepsy was the most common type (51,3%), followed by focal epilepsy (34,3%). Rare seizure types, including autonomic seizures and psychogenic seizures, accounted for less than 1% of cases. The mean disease duration was 8,8 years, 31,5% of patients had a disease duration of ≤ 5 years, 18,1% had a duration of 6 – 9 years, and 22,9% had epilepsy for ≥ 10 years. In terms of treatment, 35,7% of patients received monotherapy, 26,0% received two antiseizure medications, and 38,3% were treated with polytherapy (≥ 3 medications), reflecting a considerable proportion of patients with difficult-to-control epilepsy. Treatment outcomes showed that 37,6% of patients achieved seizure freedom, 32,0% experienced a reduction in seizure frequency, 10,4% showed no improvement or an increase in seizure frequency, and treatment effectiveness had not yet been determined in 20,0% of patients. The number of antiseizure medications used was strongly associated with treatment outcomes. Patients receiving ≥ 3 medications had lower seizure-free rates and higher rates of treatment nonresponse than those receiving monotherapy. According to seizure classification, patients with generalized epilepsy tended to have better treatment responses than those with focal epilepsy and other seizure types.

Conclusions: Treatment outcomes were associated with disease duration and the number of antiseizure medications used. Early identification and optimization of treatment regimens are therefore essential to improve seizure control. These findings provide real-world evidence that may support the management and treatment of epilepsy patients at Tam Anh General Hospital.