MỨC ĐỘ NHẠY CẢM KHÁNG SINH CỦA MỘT SỐ CĂN NGUYÊN GÂY NHIỄM KHUẨN HÔ HẤP TRÊN TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TÂM ANH NĂM 2025

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections are common in children, especially those under 5 years old. Bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing help select appropriate antibiotics based on the causative agent, and rational antibiotic use helps reduce antibiotic resistance. A study of 2952 nasopharyngeal swab cultures from children showed a bacterial isolation rate of 48.6%, with the main causative agents isolated being H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis. There were differences in antibiotic susceptibility levels among the evaluated bacteria. H. influenzae showed relatively high sensitivity to antibiotics such as injectable third-generation cephalosporins ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and meropenem, and moderate sensitivity to some oral antibiotics such as cefixime, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid (61.9%, 58.2%). 94.8% of S. pneumoniae strains were susceptible to amoxicillin clavulanic acid, 93.8% to ceftriaxone, and 100% to vancomycin and linezolid. M. catarrhalis also showed high susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. A high prevalence of macrolide resistance was observed among the tested strains across all three common etiologies.