TỶ LỆ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN VIÊM TEO NIÊM MẠC DẠ DÀY THEO NỘI SOI Ở BỆNH NHÂN CÓ TRIỆU CHỨNG TIÊU HÓA TRÊN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC PHENIKAA

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of endoscopically diagnosed gastric mucosal atrophy and analyze factors associated with gastric mucosal atrophy in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who attended Phenikaa University Hospital and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 01/2025 and 01/2026.

Results: Among 357 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent endoscopy, 73 were diagnosed with gastric mucosal atrophy, corresponding to a prevalence of 20.4%. The mean age of patients with gastric mucosal atrophy was 57.58 ± 12.24 years. The prevalence of gastric mucosal atrophy increased significantly with age, p < 0.001. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with gastric mucosal atrophy than in those without atrophy, at 57.5% versus 40.5%, respectively (p = 0.009). The prevalence of gastric mucosal atrophy among patients aged 60 years or older was 40.2%, markedly higher than the 13.9% observed in patients younger than 60 years (p < 0.001). Intestinal metaplasia was detected in 23.3% of patients with gastric mucosal atrophy and in 0.7% of those without atrophy (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that H. pylori infection, age ≥60 years, and intestinal metaplasia were significantly associated with gastric mucosal atrophy, with odds ratios of 1.991, 4.529, and 42.804, respectively.

Conclusion: Endoscopically diagnosed gastric mucosal atrophy was present in approximately one-fifth of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Age ≥60 years, H. pylori infection, and intestinal metaplasia were significantly associated with gastric mucosal atrophy, with intestinal metaplasia showing the strongest association. These findings highlight the importance of careful assessment for gastric mucosal atrophy in older patients, identification and eradication of H. pylori infection, and detection of premalignant lesions such as intestinal metaplasia during endoscopy and subsequent follow-up.