KHẢO SÁT TÌNH TRẠNG NHIỄM HBV THỂ ẨN VÀ HBV GIAI ĐOẠN CỬA SỔ Ở NGƯỜI HIẾN MÁU TẠI VIỆN HUYẾT HỌC - TRUYỀN MÁU TRUNG ƯƠNG NĂM 2025-2026

Abstract

Background: Despite routine HBsAg screening, window-period (WP) and occult hepatitis B infections (OBI) still pose transfusion transmission risks. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is crucial to enhance blood safety.

Objectives: To determine the HBV prevalence and assess the yield of NAT in detecting WP and OBI at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 668,576 blood donations from April 2025 to March 2026. All donations were screened for HBsAg and HBV-DNA (NAT). NAT-yield samples were further characterized using anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc II, and anti-HBs.

Results: The HBsAg prevalence was 0.206% (1,380/668,576). NAT identified 328 seronegative, HBV-DNA positive donations (0.049%, or 1:2,038), increasing the diagnostic yield by 23.7%. Infection risk increased significantly with age, peaking at 46–60 years (OR = 3.390; 95%CI: 2.947–3.899). Repeat donors had a markedly lower risk than first-time donors (OR = 0.106; 95%CI: 0.095–0.117). Among 230 classified NAT-yield cases, OBI accounted for 93.04% (214/230) and WP for 6.96% (16/230). Conclusion: Routine NAT screening significantly improves the detection of WP and OBI donations missed by serology, playing an indispensable role in ensuring transfusion safety in Vietnam.