TỈ LỆ VÀ CĂN NGUYÊN VIÊM PHỔI DO VI KHUẨN Ở TRẺ EM DƯỚI 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI THANH HÓA

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and etiologies of bacterial pneumonia in children under 5 years old at Thanh Hoa Children's Hospital. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 585 patients diagnosed with pneumonia who were cultured with nasopharyngeal fluid on the first day of admission at the Department of Respiratory and Neonatology at Thanh Hoa Children's Hospital from 01/05/2021 to 30/04/2022. Results: There were 213 (36.4%) cases of isolated pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal fluid. In which, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.5 and 45.5% respectively. The most frequent etiologies were H. influenzae (34.7%), S. pneumoniae (29.6%), S. aureus (11.7%). H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae accounted for a higher rate in the group of children above 2 months old. S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, B. cepacia are the bacteria that are more common in children under 2 months old. The average duration of treatment for gram-positive pneumonia was 9.59 (days), median 8 (days) compared with gram-negative bacteria mean 11.61 (days), median 7 (days). Conclusion: Bacteria are one of the prevalant causes of pneumonia in children under the age of 5. Three most typical causes are H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria varies by age groups.