NGHIÊN CỨU HIỆU QUẢ SÀNG LỌC VIRUS HBV, HCV, HIV CỦA ĐƠN VỊ MÁU BẰNG KỸ THUẬT KHUẾCH ĐẠI ACID NUCLEIC (KỸ THUẬT NAT) TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA VÙNG TÂY NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV viruses of blood units by nucleic acid test (NAT) of blood units in voluntary blood donors at Tay Nguyen Regional General Hospital Subjects: The study sample size included 17.200 blood samples from volunteers at Tay Nguyen Regional General Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study.  Results: Research results have shown that 17,200 blood samples of volunteers tested by serology, 146 samples were positive. Of which, the rate of ifnfection with HBV, HCV and HIV was 0.39%, 0.26% and 0.17%; respectively. Therefore, 17,054 negative blood samples by serological methods were tested by NAT, and 4 more samples were positive for HBV-DNA, accounting for 0.023%. Simultaneously, The blood samples were negative for HCV-RNA and HIV-RNA. Conclusions: The application of nucleic acid tests (NAT) is necessary and effective, it has been supported to detect the presence of HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, and HIV-RNA in blood samples early by shortening the testing phase window.  At the same time, it minimizes the risk of transmitting viruses through blood transfusion, thereby ensuring the safety of patients during a blood transfusion.