TỶ LỆ ECC VÀ S-ECC Ở TRẺ MẪU GIÁO TỪ 3 TUỔI TẠI NHỮNG VÙNG CHƯA CÓ CHƯƠNG TRÌNH FLUOR HÓA NƯỚC MÁY: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU CẮT NGANG TẠI HUYỆN BÌNH CHÁNH VÀ HUYỆN CỦ CHI, TP.HCM

Abstract

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a serious public health problem for developing countries. Especially in young children, early tooth decay and loss of baby teeth can lead to poor chewing, incorrect pronunciation, skewed permanent teeth, affecting aesthetic and physical development later. Objective: Determining the prevalence of ECC and S-ECC in three-year-old preschool children in areas without fluoridation in Ho Chi Minh City according to ICDAS II index. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 444 three-year-old preschool children studying in preschools in Binh Chanh and Cu Chi district in Ho Chi Minh City. Data about children's dental care at home were collected through parent interviews with questionnaires. Using mirrors and probes in combination with LED headlight to identify caries according to the criteria of the ICDAS II system and the state of oral hygiene according to the OHI-S index. Results: Among 444 three-year-old children participating in the study, the percentage of children with ECC at s₁ was 80.6% and 46.8% had ECC at s₃. The rate of S – ECC calculated from the child's d₃mfs ≥4 is 27.0% in both survey areas. The S – ECC ratio calculated from d₁mfs (t53-t63) ≥1 is 71.2%. Binh Chanh district has a higher rate than Cu Chi district. The mean d₁mft and d₃mft were 6.6±4.8 and 4.5±4.8 respectively. The mean d₁mfs was 12.27±14.41, d₃mfs was 9.18±12.64. Conclusion: The rate of tooth decay in children is still very high. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to health care programs at educational institutions and in the community. Besides, in order to promote school dental programs, healh care system need to focus resources on young children, especially at preschool age.