KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM RÒ DỊCH NÃO TỦY QUA MŨI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHỢ RẪY TỪ NĂM 2017 ĐẾN NĂM 2022

Abstract

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is a condition that there is an open communication between the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid and the nasal cavity. CSF leaks are usually divided into non-traumatic and traumatic etiology. Traumatic leaks are more common and can be iatrogenic (secondary to anterior skull base and endoscopic sinus surgery). These patients are at risk of meningitis and other intracranial complication due to the spread of infection from the sinonasal cavity. The increased risk of life-threatening complications, despite advances in medical therapy, emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, accurate identification of the site of the leak and timely intervention to decrease morbidity. Objective: To describe clinical and paraclinical features of patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Methods: Research methodology is retrospective study and description with selected case by case. This study was carried out at Cho Ray Hospital from 2021 to 2022. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea were included in this study. Results: The most common cause of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea is head trauma (82,2%), other causes are iatrogenic injuries (13,1%) and idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (4,8%). The majority of patients is men (83,3%). Common symptoms are unilateral or bilateral watery drainage, headache (42,9%), fever (19,0%). The rate of meningitis is 13,1%. Computed tomography is indicated in all patients, show the  intracranial air (76,4%), bony skull base dehiscence (62,5%), air-fluid level in paranasal sinuses (40,3%),  meningoencephalocele (2,8%). Conclusions: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea can be traumatic or non-traumatic. There can be many symptoms beside nasal watery drainage. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea can result in meningitis and this is a life-threatening conditon.