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CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPLEX KARYOTYPE IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS
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Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of myeloid precursor cells, characterized by excessive proliferation of blast cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ infiltration of these cells. Chromosomal abnormalities and molecular alterations in newly diagnosed patients are used for risk stratification, including favorable-, intermediate- and adverse-risk groups. Complex chromosomal abnormalities are defined as three or more chromosomal aberrations and considered as adverse-risk variant. This study investigated the characteristics of AML patients with complex chromosomal abnormalitites. Material and methods: Cytogenetic testing using G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes of inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26), 5q31, 7q31, 11q23 were perfomed on 338 newly diagnosed AML patients at Cho Ray Hospital and Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital from 01/2015 to 12/2022. Results: 14 out of 338 cases carried complex chromosomal abnormalities, accounting for 4,14%. These 14 cases included 2 patients carrying hyperdiploidy alone, 1 patient with hyperdiploidy and t(9;11)(p21;q23), 1 patient with hyperdiploidy and inv(3)(q21q26), 7 patients with concomitant hyperdiploid and -5/del(5q) or -7/del(7q), 1 patient carrying additional t(7;9)(q36;q31), and the remaining 2 patients containing hyperdiploidy in combination with other structural abnormalities. Remission rate after induction therapy was low, only in 5/14 (35%) patients. The remaining cases (65%) were fatal due to complications during the induction phase. Conclusion: Adverse-risk groups are associated with poor response to chemotherapy, so that risk stratification in newly diagnosed patients are essential for further consultation and therapeutic decision making of the physicians. These treatments include high intensity chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, improving remission rates and long-term survival for AML patients.
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Keywords
Acute myeloid leukemia, complex karyotype
References
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