SANG CHẤN TÂM LÝ VÀ SỰ KỲ THỊ BỆNH Ở NHỮNG NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH SAU PHƠI NHIỄM HIV VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN

Abstract

Introduction: Acute psychological symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression are common after HIV exposure. On the other hand, HIV/AIDS stigma contributes significantly to HIV/expose patients` mental status. These will lead to them not accepting HIV testing, not complying with treatment. making it difficult to prevent HIV control. However, there is not much research on mental health and HIV stigma among HIV exposure adults. Research objectives: To determine the rate of psychiatric disturbance and HIV stigma among adults exposed to HIV; To compare the differences in psychiatric disturbance, HIV stigma between groups of adults exposed to HIV; To explore the relationship between psychiatric disturbance and HIV stigma, demographic characteristics. Subjects - Research methodology: 145 people aged 18 years and over, after HIV exposure (occupational and community exposure) came to a hospital for tropical diseases, receiving PEP treatment. Most of the subjects were male, accounting for 79.3% (n = 115), the main exposure situation was outside the community 82.8% (n = 120) due to the main reason being unsafe sex, 57.5% (n = 83). Study design: cross-sectional description, purposive convenience sampling. Results: The rate of psychiatric disturbance in adults after HIV exposure was 20% (n = 29) with the probability of female was higher than that of male (OR = 0.279, CI 95% = 0.108 - 0.722, p < 0.05), HIV stigma had a tendency to impact on participants` psychiatric disturbance (OR = 1.066, p = 0.057). The responders found HIV stigma with the mean of 2.22. In which, the stigma related to the domains "Disclosure concerns", "Negative self-image", "Concerns about public attitudes" with the mean were 2.44; 2.28; 2.13, respectively, considering high; for the domain "Personalised stigma", there was low discrimination (mean = 2.02). Participants with unsafe sexual behaviors had the mean stigma score of 2.33 higher than that of the group of injuries caused by needle stick/contact with blood, secretions 2,07 (p < 0.05). Conclusions – Recommendations: 20% of participants who exposed HIV had psychiatric disturbance with the probability of female was higher than that of male, HIV stigma had a tendency to impact on participants` psychiatric disturbance. They felt the disease stigma through the three domains of "Disclosure concerns", "Negative self-image", "Concerns about public attitudes”; did not feel Personalised stigma. From the results, the following issues need to be implemented in order to reduce the psychological burden on post-HIV-exposure people: widely disseminating updated knowledge about HIV/AIDS and advanced treatment methods, strengthening media and health education to raise awareness and safe sex behavior in the community, providing in-depth and individualized post-exposure HIV counseling for exposed subjects.