TẦN SUẤT VÀ ĐẶC ĐIỂM CỦA HỘI CHỨNG CHUYỂN HÓA TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is one of the global health issues. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction is receiving increasing attention. However, in Vietnam, there is still limited research on metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the frequency and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Subjects: Patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated at the Interventional Cardiology Department of Cho Ray Hospital from November 2022 to May 2023. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: There were 199 patients who met the study criteria, with a mean age of 64.5 ± 11.3 and a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. Among the study population, the most common underlying factors were hypertension and smoking, with respective rates of 31.66% and 42.71%. Metabolic syndrome was present in 136 patients, accounting for a prevalence rate of 68.34%. The proportion of females with metabolic syndrome was higher than that of males (81.33% vs. 63.69%, p=0.019). The group with metabolic syndrome had higher mean values of waist circumference (cm), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), blood glucose (mg/dL), and blood triglycerides (mg/dL), and lower mean values of HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) compared to the group without metabolic syndrome, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Among patients with metabolic syndrome, the highest prevalence was observed for elevated blood glucose (94.85%), followed by reduced HDL cholesterol (92.65%), and the least common component was high blood pressure (47.06%). Metabolic syndrome with three components accounted for the highest proportion at 42.65%. The presence of metabolic syndrome tended to be associated with a higher proportion of Killip IV classification at admission compared to the group without metabolic syndrome, with an odds ratio of 2.23 (95% CI: 0.61-12.88, p=0.194). The prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 40%) did not differ between the two groups, with p = 0.841. Conclusion: The frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction is 68.34%. Among the group with metabolic syndrome, elevated blood glucose is the most common component, and metabolic syndrome with three components has the highest prevalence.