CẬP NHẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ TOÀN THÂN TRONG UNG THƯ THỰC QUẢN GIAI ĐOẠN TIẾN TRIỂN KHÔNG THỂ CẮT BỎ HOẶC DI CĂN XA

Abstract

This article aims to review and update treatment issues in advanced esophageal cancer that cannot be removed or has metastasized distantly. In recent decades, the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer have made remarkable progress, allowing early and thorough diagnosis and treatment, bringing benefits in terms of survival time as well as improving quality of life. Although recent advances in chemotherapy have improved treatment outcomes, median survival in advanced clinical trials is only 6-13 months. The current treatment goal is therefore to delay the manifestation of disease-related symptoms and/or prolong survival. Esophageal and gastric cancer that is locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic is incurable and the goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival. Palliative treatments for advanced esophageal cancer may be local or systemic. Systemic therapy is the most effective treatment modality for patients with metastatic disease, and it can alleviate dysphagia and other symptoms, such as nausea, pain, obstruction, perforation, or bleeding due to local progression or local recurrence of the primary tumor, but the effectiveness is not high, requiring further progressive changes in existing treatment regimens.