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CLINICAL FEATURES, PARACLINICAL FINDINGS, AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF AN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
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Abstract
Objective: The study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) at the Central Lung Hospital. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 236 patients diagnosed with acute COPD exacerbations were included, among which 43 had coexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) and 193 had COPD without DM. All patients received inpatient treatment at the Central Lung Hospital. Results: The prevalence of DM in COPD patients was 18.22%. The mean age was 68.77 ± 8.91 years, with 76.7% male and 23.3% female patients. The average number of exacerbations per year was 2.67 ± 2.08, and patients with more than two exacerbations per year accounted for 79.1% of the DM group, which was significantly higher than the non-DM group. Blood gas analysis showed that pH was 7.36 ± 0.08, pCO2 was 58.24 ± 17.35, and HCO3 was 32.78 ± 6.5, which were worse in the DM group compared to the non-DM group. CRP levels were 58.61 ± 65.63 mg/l, Procalcitonin levels were 0.48 ± 0.66 ng/ml. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 78.3%, higher than the non-DM group. 58% of patients required insulin for blood glucose control, and 77% needed adjustments in their DM treatment protocols. The rate of mechanical ventilation was 39.5%, and the rate of emergency hospitalization/ admission was 44.2%, both significantly higher in the DM group compared to the non-DM group. The average length of hospital stay was 17.47 ± 12.25 days. The mortality rate and severity of cases were 16.3%, which were significantly higher in the DM group compared to the non-DM group. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus exacerbates the clinical symptoms, manifestations, and treatment outcomes of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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