TÌNH HÌNH VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN RỐI LOẠN CHỨC NĂNG TÂM THU THẤT TRÁI DO ANTHRACYCLINES TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ VÀ BỆNH VIỆN UNG BƯỚU CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023-2024

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is a prevalent and severe disease with increasing incidence and mortality rates annually. Anthracyclines, commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, hematologic malignancies, and connective tissue tumors, significantly contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Early detection and monitoring of these dysfunctions are crucial to adjust therapeutic strategies. However, research in Vietnam remains limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence and some related factors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) due to anthracyclines in cancer patients at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Oncology Hospital from 2023 to 2024. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis was conducted on 64 patients diagnosed with cancer (breast cancer, connective tissue cancer, lymphoma) and treated with chemotherapy regimens including anthracyclines at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Oncology Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 53.31 ± 10.27 years, with 84.4% under 65 years and 15.6% aged 65 years or older. The female/male ratio was 7/1. Breast cancer had the highest prevalence (76.6%), followed by lymphoma (18.8%), with gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and thymus cancer each accounting for 1.6%. The prevalence of LVSD was relatively high at 56.3%, especially in patients with a cumulative dose of ≥ 400 mg/m² (58.3%). Diabetes mellitus or patients with ≥ 2 risk factors significantly increased the likelihood of LVSD (p<0.05). No association was found between age group, gender, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, and cumulative anthracycline dose with LVSD (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of LVSD due to anthracyclines in cancer patients is quite high, particularly in those with a cumulative anthracycline dose of ≥ 400 mg/m². Diabetes mellitus and multiple risk factors significantly increase the risk of LVSD.