TÌNH TRẠNG NHIỄM HPV NGUY CƠ CAO VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI TỔN THƯƠNG TẾ BÀO HỌC CỔ TỬ CUNG Ở PHỤ NỮ ĐẾN KHÁM PHỤ KHOA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN VINMEC TIMES CITY NĂM 2022-2023

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, following breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer.¹ Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has been identified as the leading cause of cervical cancer in women, with approximately 99.7% of cervical cancer cases attributed to HPV infection. To date, among more than 200 identified HPV genotypes, several have been found to cause cancer with high frequency in humans. These high-risk types include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 (high-risk group), with HPV types 16 and 18 alone accounting for 70% of cervical cancer cases.² Objectives: 1) To assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in women attended for gynecological examination at Vinmec Times City hospital during 2022-2023; 2) To analyze the relation between high-risk HPV infection and cervical cytological lesions of the infected women. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection at Vinmec Times City hospital in 2022-2023 was 20.9%. Among cases of infection with single high-risk HPV, the most frequently detected types were HPV 52 (25.2%), 16 (13.1%), 58 (10.2%), 18 (8.8%), and 39 (8.8%). High-risk HPV infection resulted in significant high probability of cervical cytological lesions (OR: 5.756; 95%, confidence interval 4.24 - 7.81, p < 0.05). High-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 39, 52, 56, 58, 66, and 68 in single infection were the main cause of cervical cell lesions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, among women infected with HPV types 31, 58 and 16, the incidence of cervical cell abnormalities was about tenfolds higher, e.g. of respective16.2, 11.8 and 10.9 times, compared to noninfected women. Also, similar results were found with cases of multiple infection, i.e. co-infection with HPV type 16 and 12 other types tenfold increased the cervical cell abnormalities than that of noninfected women. Conclusion: Among 2863 women attended for gynecological examination at Vinmec Times City hospital during 2022-2023, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was of 20.9%. High-risk HPV infection increased the risk of cervical cytological lesions by 5.76 times compared to those not infected.