ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG TÌNH TRẠNG NHIỄM SẮC NƯỚU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Gum color is an important aesthetic concern, especially for individuals with a gummy smile. Understanding the characteristics, distribution, and factors affecting gingival pigmentation is crucial in developing effective treatment strategies. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the clinical features of gingival pigmentation at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 51 subjects with gingival pigmentation who visited the Dental Department at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from March 2023 to May 2024. Results: A total of 51 participants were included in the study, with those over 30 years old accounting for 54.9%, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. The prevalence of gingival pigmentation in the maxilla was 52.9%, with 58.8% of participants falling into the moderate to severe category according to the OPI index. Regarding gingival morphology at four jaw positions based on Hedin’s classification, type 1 gingival morphology was predominant at all four positions, while types 2, 3, and 4 were less common across all positions. In the assessment of gingival pigmentation characteristics according to Ponnaiyan’s classification, the highest rate of hyperpigmentation was observed in the attached gingiva at all positions, particularly in the lower jaw quadrants (each accounting for 37.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of gingival pigmentation was similar in both jaws, with the majority (58.8%) falling into the moderate to severe category according to the OPI index. Gingival pigmentation morphology, characterized by one or two isolated pigment units based on Hedin’s classification, had the highest prevalence at all four jaw positions. According to Ponnaiyan’s classification of gingival pigmentation, the highest rate was observed in cases with pigmentation confined to the attached gingiva, particularly in the lower jaw quadrants