KHẢO SÁT KHÁNG THỂ BẤT THƯỜNG Ở NGƯỜI HIẾN MÁU TÌNH NGUYỆN BẰNG KỸ THUẬT MICROPLATE TRÊN HỆ THỐNG MÁY PHÂN TÍCH MIỄN DỊCH TỰ ĐỘNG TẠI TRUNG TÂM TRUYỀN MÁU CHỢ RẪY

Abstract

Background: For modern medicine today, blood remains a very precious product that we cannot produce and there is no substitute for it. The blood supply, which is currently used, is 100% sourced from humans, and blood donation is a necessary and important activity to continuously maintain and supplement the blood supply to save patients' lives (1). In developed countries, besides determining the ABO and Rh blood groups and other red cell systems that can produce strong immune antibodies, abnormal antibodies must also be identified for blood units and recipients, making blood transfusions in these countries very safe and effective. In Vietnam, Circular No. 26/2013/TT-BYT dated September 16, 2013, on "Guidance on Blood Transfusion Activities" by the Ministry of Health includes regulations on abnormal antibody screening and identification in certain special cases (2). Many techniques are applied to perform abnormal antibody screening and identification tests. However, to meet the needs of testing a large number of samples quickly and with high reliability, the microplate technique on an automated immunoassay system is currently an optimal choice. Results: The rate of abnormal antibodies in voluntary blood donors using the microplate technique on an automated immunoassay system: Among the total test samples, the rate of abnormal antibodies was 0.07% (8 samples detected abnormal antibodies). The ABO blood group system had the highest rate of abnormal antibodies in blood group O at 0.1%, followed by blood group B at 0.06%, blood group A at 0.04%, and none in blood group AB. The Rh blood group system had a complete rate of abnormal antibodies in Rh+ blood group. Identification of abnormal antibodies and determination of the rate of types of abnormal antibodies found: Among the 8 samples with abnormal antibody identification results, half of the samples were positively identified (50%), the rate of samples with undetermined results was 37.5%, and the remaining samples were negative (12.5%). In the 4 samples with positive abnormal antibody identification, most of the abnormal antibodies belonged to the Rh blood group system, accounting for 75% (3 samples of Anti E), and the remaining belonged to the Lewis blood group system, accounting for 25% (1 sample of Anti Le^a). Conclusion: Abnormal antibodies; Microplate technique; Cho Ray Blood Transfusion Center.