ĐẶC ĐIỂM BỆNH LÝ NGỘ ĐỘC CẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN NGƯỜI LỚN TẠI MIỀN NAM VIỆT NAM: NGHIÊN CỨU HỒI CỨU 10 NĂM (2010-2019)

Abstract

Overview: Acute poisoning and envenoming are among the most common medical conditions, significantly impacting public health worldwide. Each country or region exhibits unique characteristics in the pattern of poisoning cases. Changes in factors such as climate, economy, and society can alter poisoning patterns, requiring periodic surveys to support effective diagnosis, treatment, and health policy planning. Research methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study analyzing all cases of acute poisoning hospitalized at Chợ Rẫy Hospital from 2010 to 2019. Data were collected from patient records with discharge diagnoses of acute poisoning. Results: Over the 10-year study period, 14,125 patients with acute poisoning and envenoming were treated as inpatients at Chợ Rẫy Hospital. The majority of patients were of Kinh ethnicity (97.8%) and resided in rural areas (72.1%). Males made up the majority (63%), with a female-to-male ratio of 1:2. The median age was 35 years (IQR: 25-49), and the 20-29 age group consistently accounted for the highest proportion of poisoning causes. Envenoming was the leading causes of acute poisoning (44.7%), followed by pesticide poisoning (30.6%), therapeutic drug poisoning (11.9%), poisoning from less common agents (10.4%), and poisoning from unidentified agents (2.4%). The mortality rate decreased from 8.9% in 2010 to 2.9% in 2019. Conclusion: Acute poisoning and envenoming represent serious medical issues, accounting for 1% of all inpatient cases at Chợ Rẫy Hospital, with a rising trend in both the number of cases and the variety of toxic agents. Young people are particularly affected, underscoring the need for more effective preventive intervention strategies