ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ KIỂM SOÁT CÁC YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ CỦA BỆNH NHÂN MẠCH VÀNH MẠN TÍNH SAU CAN THIỆP GIÁO DỤC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 108

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the results of controlling risk factors of patients with chronic Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) after Health Education Intervention (HEI) at Central Military Hospital 108. Subjects and methods: Subjects are 50 patients with chronic CAD treated Outpatient treatment at the Cardiovascular Clinic of Central Military Hospital 108 from March to November, 2023. Method: Prospective, cross-sectional, interventional research. Assess risk factors before intervention; Perform HEI; Re-evaluate risk factors. Patients received HEI on the concept of CAD, knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors, recommendations and instructions for controlling risk factors through direct dialogue consultation for 30 minutes. Health education content is printed and distributed to patients in the form of instructions with prescriptions pinned to the medical examination book. Data is collected and processed using medical statistical algorithms by SPSS 20.0 software. Calculate the percentage values, mean values, Wilcoxon test, Mcnerman test to compare mean values ​​and percentages before and after intervention. Results: HEI contributed to reducing blood LDL-C indices (3.11 ± 1.1mmol/L compared to 3.57 ± 1.8mmol/L with p= 0.004), blood glucose (6.07 ± 1.8mmol/L vs. 6.75 ± 2.3mmol/L with p= 0.007), BMI (25.12 ± 2.6 kg/m2 vs. 25.78 ± 3.1kg/m2 with p=0.012), reducing the proportion of patients living sedentary lives (38% compared to 52% with p= 0.019). Increased proportion of patients with recommended diet: Limiting bad fats (84% vs. 26% with p=0.001); replace with good fats (76% vs. 48% with p= 0.018); carbohydrate restriction and weight control (58% vs. 32% with p= 0.022); eat more fiber and low GI foods (96% vs. 74% with p= 0.050); eat less salt (64% vs 30% with p = 0.005). Increased knowledge score (13.75 ± 4.10 points compared to 8.28 ± 5.80 points with p = 0.004). Conclusion: HEI for patients with chronic CAD contributes to reducing risk indicators related to metabolism (LDL-C, glucose, BMI), changing risk indicators related to patient behavior (reduce the proportion of patients living sedentary lives, increase the proportion of patients with recommended diets).