VAI TRÒ SIÊU ÂM DOPPLER ĐỘNG MẠCH THẬN Ở BỆNH NHÂN TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP TRẺ TUỔI

Abstract

This study was conducted to (1) describe the characteristics of renal artery Doppler ultrasound in young hypertensive patients and (2) assess the association between Doppler parameters and both hypertension (HTN) stage and clinical factors in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 patients aged 18 to 40 who had been diagnosed with HTN based on the criteria of the Vietnam National Heart Association (VSH/VNHA 2022). All participants underwent clinical evaluation, blood pressure measurement, risk factor assessment, and renal artery Doppler ultrasound. Statistical analyses were then conducted to explore any relationship between Doppler findings and hypertension stage. Results: The participants had a mean age of 33.9 ± 5.3 years; 82.5% were male. No cases of renal artery stenosis were detected. Doppler indices, including Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), and the Renal Resistance Index (RI), all fell within normal ranges (PSV at the renal artery origin: 75.7 ± 24.4 cm/s on the right and 72.1 ± 17.7 cm/s on the left; EDV at the origin: 24.8 ± 11.4 cm/s and 24.9 ± 9.9 cm/s, respectively; RI ranged from 0.6 to 0.7). Notably, PSV, EDV, and RI tended to decrease slightly from HTN Stage 1 to Stage 2, especially at the renal artery trunk and hilum. Conclusions: The findings indicate that while most Doppler parameters (PSV, EDV, RI) remain within normal limits in young hypertensive patients, a marked decrease in PSV and EDV emerges when blood pressure reaches more severe stages, whereas RI shows minimal fluctuation—suggesting that microvascular damage is not yet pronounced. Therefore, renal artery Doppler ultrasound can detect early hemodynamic changes; however, additional tests are required to clarify the underlying causes and comprehensively assess renal function.