ĐẶC ĐIỂM COVID-19 Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHIỄM HIV/AIDS TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 infection is especially severe in high-risk populations, such as the elderly, obese, hypertensive, diabetic, those with cardiovascular diseases, and immunocompromised patients, including HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, studying the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with HIV/AIDS at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases is essential. Aims: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and identify factors related to mortality in HIV/AIDS patients with COVID-19. Objectives and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, sampling COVID-19 patients with HIV/AIDS aged 16 years and older, treated at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases from November 2021 to March 2023. Results: Of the 147 COVID-19 cases in HIV/AIDS patients, 81.6% were male, with an average age of 36.9 ± 10.1 years. The majority of patients (79.5%) were in clinical stages 3-4 of HIV/AIDS. 58.9% had received two or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (80.3%), cough (78.9%), and difficulty breathing (63.3%). Additionally, 65.3% were diagnosed with severe or critical COVID-19 upon admission. 88.2% had a CD4 count of <200 cells/µL. X-ray images revealed interstitial tissue damage in 37.4%, combined damage in 31.3%, and 4.8% had no detectable damage at the time of admission. The mortality rate in this study was 34.7%. Patients with severe or critical COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization were associated with increased mortality, while full-dose COVID-19 vaccination was found to reduce mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research shows that the common symptoms of COVID-19 in HIV/AIDS patients include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, with 65.3% of patients diagnosed with severe or critical COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization. Mortality is positively correlated with severe or critical COVID-19 upon admission, and full-dose COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of death.