KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ SỚM ĐỤC THỦY TINH THỂ BẨM SINH Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 7 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital cataract if untreated before 7, can lead to amblyopia. Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics and analyze the surgical outcomes after 3 months of follow-up in children under 7 years old diagnosed with congenital cataracts and indicated for surgery at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, HCMC Eye Hospital. Methods: A descriptive case series with an interventional, prospective, and longitudinal study design. Subjects: Children aged 1 month to under 7 years diagnosed with congenital cataracts and indicated for surgery, meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: 40 patients aged 2 to 73 months (22 females-18 males). Systemic conditions were present in 20% of cases, congenital heart defects in 4/8 patients. Family history of cataracts was noted in 30,3%. Leukocoria was the most common chief complain (67,5%). Bilateral cataracts 70%, unilateral 30%. Total cataracts were the most frequent type (33,3%). Structural abnormalities were identified in 5 eyes. Surgery was performed on 66 eyes, 33 eyes receiving IOL implantation and 33 left aphakic. Visual acuity ranged from LP 0,2m to 2/10 in aphakic eyes and from LP 1m to 7/10 in IOL-implanted eyes. Residual refractive errors aligned with the “Rule of 7” in 72,7% of cases. 5 cases experienced postoperative complications within 3 months. Conclusion: 50% mothers had high-risk pregnancies. Systemic conditions were in 20%, 10% having congenital heart defects. A family history of congenital cataracts was noted in 25%. Total cataracts were the predominant type. Structural abnormalities were present in 22,7% of eyes. Visual acuity improved in 66,7% of cases. Residual refractive errors aligned with the target in 72,7%. Among children undergoing surgery for one eye, 77% remained at risk of amblyopia. Postoperative complications occurred in 9.01% of cases, with 6.06% developing visual axis opacification.