NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ HÌNH ẢNH NỘI SOI POLYP TRỰC TRÀNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Rectal polyps are a common pathology in the lower gastrointestinal tract, characterized by complex progression and a high risk of malignant transformation. The incidence of this condition has been increasing in recent years. Flexible colonoscopy plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of rectal polyps. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings of rectal polyps. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study analyzing data from 90 patients diagnosed with rectal polyps via colonoscopy at Can Tho City General Hospital. Results: The predominant age group for rectal polyps was 45-59 years (35.6%), with males accounting for 60% of cases. 51.1% of patients presented with abdominal pain (95.7% reported dull pain), 41.1% had diarrhea, 96.7% exhibited symptoms for less than 6 months, and 98.9% had no polyps detected upon digital rectal examination. Colonoscopy identified 62% of polyps as pedunculated (85.7% of which had a stalk less than 10 mm), with 65.6% being solitary polyps. In 50% of cases, polyp size ranged from 10 to 20 mm, 88% of polyps were located more than 7 cm from the anal verge, and 72.2% had a smooth surface. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of rectal polyps are generally nonspecific and mild, primarily presenting as dull abdominal pain and diarrhea, with digital rectal examination rarely detecting polyps. Endoscopic findings predominantly revealed solitary polyps with short stalks, sized between 10 and 20 mm, located more than 7 cm from the anal margin, with a smooth surface.