TỶ LỆ MANG GEN CAGA CỦA VI KHUẨN HELICOBACTER PYLORI VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI BỆNH LÝ VIÊM VÀ LOÉT DẠ DÀY – TÁ TRÀNG

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been identified as a causative agent of acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) of H. pylori is one of the well-established virulence factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the cagA gene in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease on endoscopic examination. To investigate the association between the cagA gene and gastric diseases, including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 80 patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease infected with H. pylori, isolated from gastric biopsy specimens. The cagA gene of H. pylori was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The prevalence of cagA-positive H. pylori strains was 80%. Among these, 59,4% were found in patients with peptic ulcer disease, whereas 40,6% were observed in patients with gastritis. Patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori had a significantly higher risk of developing peptic ulcer disease compared to gastritis, in contrast to those infected with cagA-negative strains (OR 10,23; 95% CI: 2,14–48,84, p = 0,001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori had a 15.8-fold increased risk of developing peptic ulcer disease (95% CI: 2,60–96,91, p=0,003). Additionally, male patients were also identified as a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (OR 26,21; 95% CI: 1,87–367,65, p=0,015). Conclusions: A high prevalence of cagA-positive H. pylori infection was observed among the study population. Male gender and cagA-positive H. pylori infection were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcer disease.