KHẢO SÁT VI KHUẨN VÀ TÌNH HÌNH ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI DO THỞ MÁY ĐANG ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA GÂY MÊ HỒI SỨC VÀ HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients, with an increasing incidence and rising levels of antibiotic resistance, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit, including the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care. Objectives: To identify the bacterial pathogens responsible for VAP and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with VAP and exhibited antibiotic resistance. These patients were receiving treatment in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care at Can Tho Central General Hospital. Results: Among 68 clinical specimens from VAP patients, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, with Acinetobacter baumannii (36.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.4%) being the most common pathogens. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a Gram-positive bacterium, accounted for 11.8% of cases. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance to beta-lactams, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. Acinetobacter baumannii remained susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (59%), whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam (64%), amikacin (39%), gentamicin (35%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (67%). Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria are the primary causative agents of VAP, with high levels of resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, posing significant challenges in antibiotic treatment.