ĐẶC ĐIỂM KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI LIÊN QUAN THỞ MÁY TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in intensive care treatment with high mortality rates. This study aimed to describe the antibiotic resistance characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with VAP. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 78 patients diagnosed with VAP with identified bacterial pathogens at the Intensive Care Unit of the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, from January 2022 to June 2024. Results: The average age of patients was 62.95 ± 18.19 years, with males accounting for 69.2%. 78.2% of patients had one episode of VAP during treatment, while 14.1% had two episodes. The three most common bacterial pathogens were Acinetobacter sp (39.1%), P. aeruginosa (21.1%), and K. pneumoniae (13.5%). Acinetobacter sp showed high resistance to third-generation Cephalosporins (92-94%), Quinolones (75-88%), Amikacin (80%), and Carbapenems (90%). P. aeruginosa resistance to Quinolones (81-100%), Carbapenems (86-89%), and Amikacin (86%). Klebsiella spp resistance to Carbapenems (71-76%), Quinolones (90%), and third-generation Cephalosporins (79-81%). The overall mortality rate was 24.4%. Conclusion: VAP pathogens exhibited high levels of antibiotic resistance, particularly to Carbapenems, Quinolones, and third-generation Cephalosporins, necessitating rational antibiotic use strategies and effective infection control measures.