KHẢO SÁT VI KHUẨN GÂY BỆNH NHA CHU BẰNG REAL-TIME PCR VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG CỦA VIÊM NHA CHU

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease closely associated with the presence of specific periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets. Identifying key microbial pathogens contributes to elucidating the pathogenesis and optimizing treatment strategies. Objective: To describe the characteristics and analyze the association between five major periodontopathogenic bacteria and the severity of periodontitis. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with periodontitis who presented for examination and treatment at the Ho Chi Minh City Odonto Stomatology Hospital from June 2024 to January 2025. Results: Among 31 patients, 51.6% were female, with a mean age of 39.16 ± 10.49 years. The average number of remaining teeth was 29.81 ± 2.64, and the majority had good oral hygiene practices (67.7%). The detection rates of bacteria by real-time PCR were as follows: T. forsythia (51.6%), P. gingivalis (48.4%), T. denticola (41.9%), A. actinomycetemcomitans (35.5%), and F. nucleatum (22.6%). Regarding disease severity, A. actinomycetemcomitans was predominantly found in the mild periodontitis group and showed a negative association with severe periodontitis (OR = 0.011; 95%CI: 0.001-0.14; p < 0.001). In contrast, P. gingivalis was significantly associated with severe periodontitis, increasing the risk by approximately 1.8 times (95%CI: 1.08-65.5; p = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in bacterial DNA copy numbers between the maxillary and mandibular arches (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Red complex bacteria were more prevalent in periodontitis than other species. P. gingivalis was significantly associated with disease severity, while A. actinomycetemcomitans was more common in mild cases.