TỔNG QUAN VỀ ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ NGẠT MŨI Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM MŨI DỊ ỨNG BẰNG PHẪU THUẬT CHỈNH HÌNH CUỐN DƯỚI

Abstract

Objective: To describe the characteristics of studies on the treatment of nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis patients using inferior turbinoplasty and to synthesize the outcomes of this method. Subjects and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles published in English and Vietnamese from 2000 to July 2024. Relevant studies were identified via PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Hanoi Medical University Library using keywords related to inferior turbinate surgery for nasal obstruction secondary to allergic rhinitis. Results: Of the 49 articles retrieved, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Surgical modalities included submucosal electrocautery, radiofrequency ablation, coblation, laser reduction, microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty, and turbinate bone resection. Reported rates of symptomatic improvement in nasal obstruction ranged from 60.5% to 100%, with follow-up periods ranging from 2 months to 5 years. Among the included studies, 75% were uncontrolled clinical trials, while 25% (n = 3) incorporated control groups. Objective improvements in nasal airflow, assessed by rhinomanometry, ranged from 37.1% to 65%. Reported complications included pain and epistaxis (1.1%–15%), crusting (5%–31.7%), synechiae formation (2.85%–5.8%), and turbinate atrophy (4.2%), most of which were mild and self-limited. Conclusion: Inferior turbinate surgery appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with allergic rhinitis refractory to medical management, achieving symptomatic relief in over 60% of cases. The overall complication rate ranged from approximately 1.1% to 56.7%, with an estimated mean of ~35%, primarily involving minor and transient adverse effects.