NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG TỔN THƯƠNG XOANG MỘT BÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical, and histopathological characteristics of patients with unilateral sinus lesions. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 112 patients with unilateral sinus lesions at ENT-specialized hospitals. Data collected included symptoms, nasal endoscopy, CT scan, histopathology. Results: The mean age was 50.9 ± 14.4 years; 58.0% were female. The most common symptoms were unilateral nasal discharge (83.0%), and unilateral facial pain (83.0%). The maxillary sinus was the most frequently affected site (83.9%), followed by the ethmoid (45.5%), frontal (26.8%), and sphenoid (18.8%) sinuses. The average Lund-Kennedy score was 2.18 ± 1.31, and the Lund-Mackay score was 4.54 ± 2.50. The most frequent endoscopic findings were purulent discharge (59.8%), mass lesions (8.9%), fungal balls (4.5%), with 24.1% showing no clear lesions. Histopathology showed mainly Aspergillus (53.6%), chronic inflammation (23.3%), nasal polyps (11.6%) and papillomas (9.8%), of which 6.3% were inverted papillomas. Conclusion: Unilateral sinus lesions primarily affect a single sinus, most commonly the maxillary sinus. Aspergillus is the most frequent cause. Unilateral nasal symptoms are severe, along with sleep disturbances, significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Benign findings (pus, polyps, fungal masses) differ markedly from malignant signs (tumors with ulceration, necrosis, bleeding). Endoscopy, CT-scan, and histopathology are essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.