ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ TRẺ BỊ XUẤT HUYẾT DẠ DÀY TÁ TRÀNG TẠI KHOA NHI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA HÀ ĐÔNG

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation, laboratory and endoscopic findings, and treatment outcomes in children with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) admitted to the Pediatric Department of Ha Dong General Hospital. Subjects: A descriptive study was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with UGIB at Ha Dong General Hospital, including retrospective data (October 2021 – May 2024) and prospective data (June – September 2024). Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled, with males accounting for 78.6%. The majority (60.7%) were over 10 years old. Common presenting symptoms included abdominal pain (73.2%), fatigue (76.8%), and mucocutaneous pallor (85.7%). Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most prevalent hematologic abnormality and was frequently associated with a history of gastroduodenal disease. The duodenal bulb was the most common bleeding site (82.1%). Endoscopic findings showed Forrest III lesions in 51.8% of cases. Among 31 patients tested for Helicobacter pylori, 83% were positive. Blood transfusions were required in 27 cases, and pharmacologic hemostasis was administered in 46. All patients showed clinical improvement and were discharged in stable condition. However, only 25% returned for follow-up. Conclusion: UGIB predominantly affected male patients and those over 10 years of age. The most common reasons for admission were hematochezia (44.6%) and hematemesis (32.1%). Duodenal ulcer was the leading etiology (82.2%). Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial in reducing complications and mortality associated with pediatric UGIB.