YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN TẦN SUẤT ĐỢT CẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN BỆNH PHỔI TẮC NGHẼN MẠN TÍNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUẬN 11

Abstract

Background/Objectives: COPD exacerbations increase burden on patients and healthcare systems, causing rapid lung function decline and increased mortality risk. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics of COPD patients and analyze risk factors associated with exacerbation frequency. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 258 COPD patients at the Respiratory Clinic of District 11 Hospital from January 2022 to September 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: infrequent exacerbations (0-1 per year) and frequent exacerbations (≥2 per year). Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors associated with exacerbations. Results: Most patients were male (95.3%), Chinese ethnicity (61.2%), classified as GOLD 3 (72.5%) with mean FEV1 of 45.8%. The frequent exacerbation group had lower FEV₁ (41.6% vs. 51.3%, p<0.001), higher rates of current smoking (43.1% vs. 23.7%, p=0.004), and more comorbidities. The strongest risk factors were heart failure (OR=46.60), ischemic heart disease (OR=24.10), low FEV₁ (SMD=-1.42), and high CAT score (SMD=1.02). Conclusions: Cardiovascular comorbidities and poor lung function are the strongest risk factors for COPD exacerbations. Comprehensive assessment of COPD patients should emphasize screening and active treatment of cardiovascular comorbidities.