ĐẶC ĐIỂM IGE TOÀN PHẦN VÀ BẠCH CẦU ÁI TOAN Ở TRẺ EM MẮC HEN PHẾ QUẢN VÀ VIÊM MŨI DỊ ỨNG

Abstract

Asthma and allergic rhinitis are two of the most common respiratory allergic diseases in children, both of which share a type 2 immune-inflammatory mechanism mediated by IgE and eosinophils. In the context of emerging targeted biological therapies, identifying type 2 inflammatory features across clinical phenotypes is essential for guiding stratification and personalized treatment. Objective: To describe the characteristics of total IgE levels and peripheral eosinophil percentages in children diagnosed with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both; and to evaluate the correlation between these two biomarkers within each disease group. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 532 children diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Data were collected from electronic medical records and laboratory results. Total serum IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil percentage (Eosinophil%) were descriptively analyzed and compared between groups using ANOVA. Correlations between variables were assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The proportion of children with coexisting asthma and allergic rhinitis was 25.8%. The highest mean serum IgE level was observed in the group with both asthma and allergic rhinitis (1906.5 ± 1143.9 IU/mL), which was significantly higher than in the asthma-only group (831.4 ± 498.8 IU/mL) and the allergic rhinitis-only group (882.5 ± 529.5 IU/mL) (p < 0.01). The eosinophil percentage was also highest in the combined group (7.52 ± 4.10%), compared to the asthma group (5.5 ± 2.2%) and the allergic rhinitis group (5.9 ± 2.36%). A moderate positive correlation between IgE and eosinophil percentage was found in the asthma-only group (r = 0.38; p < 0.001), whereas the correlation was weaker and not statistically significant in the combined group and the allergic rhinitis-only group. Conclusion: Total IgE and eosinophil percentage are useful biomarkers reflecting type 2 inflammation in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis, particularly in those with overlapping conditions. Simultaneous use of these two markers may assist in identifying patients with prominent type 2 inflammation, thereby supporting phenotypic stratification and guiding targeted therapy decisions