ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM PHỔI DO PHẾ CẦU Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI TRUNG TÂM NHI KHOA, BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN NĂM 2024-2025

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of pneumococcal pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years at the Pediatric Center, Thai Nguyen National Hospital during 2024–2025. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 153 children who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The average age was 22.80 ± 18.88 months, with the 36–60-month age group accounting for 46.4%. The highest incidence was recorded in spring (33.3%). The most common presenting symptom was cough (93.5%), whereas dyspnea was least frequent (26.8%). Fever occurred in 77.6% of cases, including mild (7.8%), moderate (46.4%), and high-grade fever (33.3%). Respiratory failure was noted in 26.8% (grade I) and 19.0% (grade II). Physical examination revealed moist crackles in 77.8% of patients and fine crackles in 13.7%. Leukocytosis was observed in 54.2%, anemia in 21.7%, and elevated C-reactive protein in 49.7% of cases. Chest radiographs predominantly showed lobar opacities (38.6%) and diffuse opacities (11.1%). Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates demonstrated highest sensitivity to Vancomycin (99.3%), Moxifloxacin (98%), Levofloxacin (96.7%), Chloramphenicol (88.2%), and Penicillin G (72.5%). The highest resistance rates were observed with Erythromycin (94.8%) and Clindamycin (92.8%). Conclusion: Pneumococcal pneumonia in children predominantly affects older age groups and tends to onset in the spring. Common clinical features include cough and fever. The most frequent pulmonary findings are moist rales on auscultation and lobar opacities on chest X-ray. Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibits considerable antibiotic resistance, particularly to macrolide agents.