ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG BỆNH VIÊM PHỔI DO PHẾ CẦU Ở TRẺ EM TẠI TRUNG TÂM HÔ HẤP BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pneumococcal pneumonia in children aged 1 month to 5 years at the Respiratory Center, National Children’s Hospital, during 2024-2025. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 228 patients aged 1 month to 5 years who met the diagnostic criteria for pneumonia and had positive Streptococcus pneumoniae cultures from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) or nasal endotracheal aspirates (NTA). All patients were admitted and treated at the Respiratory Center, National Children’s Hospital, from September 2024 to June 2025. Results: Children aged 2 to under 24 months accounted for the highest proportion (71.9%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Pneumococcal vacxination coverage prior to illness was 41.2%, while 77.2% of patients had received antibiotics before hospital admission. Severe pneumonia was diagnosed in 32.5% of cases, predominantly in children under 24 months (90.5%). Common presenting symptoms included cough (99.1%), rhinorrhea (89.9%), and fever (71.5%), mostly moderate fever between 38.5°C and 39.4°C. Frequent physical findings included tachypnea (52.2%), chest retractions (39.0%), crackles (86.0%), wheezing (42.5%), and rhonchi (36.0%). The most common extrapulmonary manifestation was poor feeding (54.8%). Conclusion: Pneumococcal pneumonia in children predominantly affects those under 24 months of age, presenting with typical clinical features. The rates of severe pneumonia remain high. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to improving treatment outcomes.