ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN VIÊM PHỔI DO NHIỄM ADENOVIRUS Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN THANH NHÀN

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide. Adenovirus, although less common than bacterial pathogens, is associated with severe and prolonged clinical presentations, especially in young or immunocompromised children. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, and to identify factors associated with severe adenovirus pneumonia in children treated at Thanh Nhan Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 102 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 15 years with confirmed adenovirus-positive nasopharyngeal PCR and diagnosed with pneumonia according to the Ministry of Health criteria. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records between September 2022 and September 2023. Statistical analysis was performed to compare characteristics between severe and non-severe pneumonia groups. Results: The median age was 18.4 ± 9.7 months, with 86.3% under 3 years. All patients presented with fever and cough; wheezing was observed in 78.4%, and dyspnea in 39.2%. The rate of severe pneumonia was 33.3%, most common in children <12 months (58.8%). Laboratory findings showed elevated WBC (>15 G/L) in 35.3%, CRP ≥6 mg/L in 40.2%, and lung consolidation on chest X-ray in 75.5%. Significant factors associated with severe pneumonia included age <12 months (OR=3.5; p<0.05), fever ≥7 days (OR=2.8; p<0.05), WBC >15 G/L (OR=2.6; p<0.05), CRP ≥6 mg/L (OR=3.2; p<0.05), anemia (Hb <110 g/L; p<0.05), and ≥2 lobes affected on X-ray (OR=4.1; p<0.01). Conclusions: Adenovirus pneumonia in children commonly affects those under 3 years old and can progress to severe disease, particularly in infants. Early recognition of clinical and laboratory risk factors is crucial for timely intervention and improved prognosis.