CAN THIỆP NỘI MẠCH Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH PHÌNH ĐỘNG MẠCH CHỦ BỤNG VỠ VÀ DOẠ VỠ TẠI VIỆN TIM MẠCH VIỆT NAM

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, with a diameter greater than 3 cm or exceeding 50% of the aortic diameter at the diaphragmatic level. The incidence and prevalence of AAA have declined over the past 20 years. The risk of rupture increases with aneurysm size: the 5-year rupture risk for aneurysms under 5 cm is 1%–2%, while for those over 5 cm, it rises to 20%–40%. AAA accounts for approximately 1% of deaths in men over 65 and is the 10th leading cause of death in men aged 65 and older. The mortality rate from ruptured AAA exceeds 80%. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment before rupture are critical. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) — a minimally invasive procedure that excludes the aneurysm without open surgery — is a key treatment method. In our two-year study, there were 15 emergency interventions for AAA, including: 10 cases (67%) of impending rupture, 5 cases (33%) of ruptured AAA. Treatment outcomes: 1 post-intervention death (6.7%) due to abdominal sepsis, 14 patients stabilized and discharged (93.3%). For these emergencies, rapid and coordinated intensive care efforts, along with timely endovascular intervention, are crucial in saving patients' lives.