ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG DO HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE VÀ TÍNH NHẠY CẢM KHÁNG SINH CỦA HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae (H.influenzae) has shown an increasing trend recently. The growing antibiotic resistance of H.influenzae poses a significant challenge to treatment. Objective: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of H.influenzae-induced pneumonia and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of H.influenzae. Study subjects: A study was conducted on 343 children aged 1 month to 5 years with pneumonia caused by H.influenzae at the Respiratory Center of the Viet Nam National Children's Hospital from September 11, 2024, to June 30, 2025. Methods: There was a cross-sectional study. Results: Common clinical symptoms included cough (99.1%), fever (70%), and pulmonary crackles (95.3%). High fever (≥ 38.5⁰C) was observed in 51.9% of cases, with a mean fever duration of 1.8 ± 1.69 days before hospital admission. Chest X-ray findings revealed bilateral diffuse nodular opacities in 59.5% of patients and focal lobar or segmental consolidation in 38.2%. H.influenzae strains producing β-lactamase showed high resistance to amoxicillin (98.7%), cefaclor (84.5%), and clarithromycin (72.1%). Non-β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae strains exhibited high resistance to amoxicillin (84.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (81.8%), cefuroxime (88.2%), and cefaclor (89.1%). Both strains remained highly susceptible to intravenous antibiotics such as ceftriaxone (100%), cefotaxime (100%), and ciprofloxacin (81.5%). Conclusion: The clinical and subclinical presentation of H.influenzae-induced pneumonia is diverse and non-specific. Resistance to oral antibiotics is showing a rising trend, with 98.7% of H.influenzae strains resistant to amoxicillin due to β-lactamase production. Intravenous antibiotics, including ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, remain 100% susceptible.