KHẢO SÁT CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN ĐIỀU TRỊ ĐIẾC ĐỘT NGỘT

Abstract

TREATMENT OUTCOME

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common otologic emergency in which corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment. Several factors may influence treatment outcomes; however, limited data are available from Vietnam. Objective: To identify prognostic factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients with SSNHL. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 patients diagnosed with SSNHL at Ho Chi Minh City Ear – Nose – Throat Hospital between February and September 2025. Clinical characteristics, pure tone audiometry, and treatment outcomes were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression models were applied to determine prognostic factors for hearing recovery. Results: The mean age of participants was 45,0 ± 12,7 years, and the average duration of pre-hospital delay was 8,5 ± 6,5 days. Treatment outcomes showed complete recovery in 16,0%, partial recovery in 27,8%, and no improvement in 56,2% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age (OR = 0,96; 95% CI: 0,94 – 0,99; p = 0,005), longer delay before treatment initiation (OR = 0,88; 95% CI: 0,82 – 0,94; p < 0,001) and baseline hearing thresholds (OR = 0,97; 95% CI: 0,97 – 0.99) were significant negative predictors of hearing recovery. Comorbidities and audiogram configurations were not significantly associated with recovery. Conclusion: Age, treatment delay, and baseline hearing threshold are independent prognostic factors for SSNHL recovery. Prompt intervention is essential to optimize treatment outcomes.