KHẨU PHẦN 24 GIỜ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH UNG THƯ THỰC QUẢN TRƯỚC PHẪU THUẬT MỞ THÔNG DẠ DÀY TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K NĂM 2024 – 2025

Abstract

Objective: To describe the 24-hour dietary intake and related factors among patients with esophageal cancer prior to gastrostomy surgery at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital in 2024 – 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 96 patients in the Department of Abdominal Surgery 1 and 2 at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. Results: The average energy intake was only 997 ± 210 Kcal/day, with 97.9% of patients not meeting the recommended dietary allowance. Regarding protein, 70.8% of patients failed to meet the recommended level. Deficiencies in vitamins, fiber, and minerals were also prevalent, especially in calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and fiber-each with a deficiency rate of 100%. The proportion of patients not meeting the 24-hour energy requirement was significantly higher in stages III-IV (98.9%) compared to stages I-II (0%) (p < 0.05). The rate of insufficient energy intake increased with the degree of dysphagia: 100% in grade 2, 98.8% in grade 1, and none in the non-dysphagia group (p < 0.05). For protein, 73.1% of male patients did not meet the requirement, while all female patients failed to meet it, with a statistically significant difference between genders (p = 0.02). Additionally, females had higher average energy and protein intakes than males, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Most patients with esophageal cancer prior to gastrostomy surgery did not meet the recommended intake for energy, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. Deficiencies in fiber, vitamins, and minerals were also highly prevalent.