ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÁC BẤT THƯỜNG MẠCH MÁU TRÊN DA Ở BỆNH NHÂN XƠ CỨNG BÌ HỆ THỐNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe cutaneous vascular abnormalities in patients with systemic sclerosis. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 124 patients with systemic sclerosis at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology from September 2024 to September 2025. Clinical and microvascular features were recorded and analyzed. Results: Females accounted for 79.8%, with a mean age of 54.9 years. The diffuse subtype predominated (72.6%). Raynaud’s phenomenon was present in 98.4%, digital pitting scars in 88.7%, and telangiectasia in 57.3%. Active digital ulcers occurred in 41.1% and a history of ulcers in 50.8%, more frequent in diffuse disease. Nailfold dermoscopy revealed abnormalities in 99.1% of patients, most commonly dilated/giant capillaries (75.8%), microhemorrhages (62.1%), and capillary loss (56.5%). The active pattern was most frequent (50.4%), followed by late (39.8%) and early (9.7%) patterns. Conclusions: Cutaneous vascular abnormalities are common and easily observed in systemic sclerosis. Nailfold dermoscopy is a valuable tool for early detection and monitoring of microvascular involvement.