ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI SINH CỦA VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the microbiological characteristics of community - acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 117 inpatients with CAP and a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, admitted from July 2024 to July 2025 at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Results: Positive bacterial cultures were obtained in 35.9% of cases. Among the 42 culture-positive cases, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 90.48%, while Gram-positive bacteria represented 4.76%. Specifically, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in 40.9% of cases, Acinetobacter baumannii in 21.4%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4.5%. Gram-positive bacteria included Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (1.5%). Fungal isolates of Candida albicans were detected in 4.5%. Negative cultures were more frequent in patients with well-controlled diabetes, whereas positive cultures predominated in poorly controlled diabetes. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a clear predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Higher rates of positive cultures were observed in patients with poor glycemic control, underscoring the importance of blood glucose management in reducing infection risk. Empirical antibiotic selection should prioritize coverage against Gram-negative pathogens, with close monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility testing and strict glycemic control. Enhanced screening, preventive measures, and risk factor management are essential to improve patient outcomes.